Real conditionals usually use modals such as “can” or “will”: “If you eat your dinner, you can have dessert.” “If Sarah passes the test, she will graduate.” The second kind of conditionals … An easy way to learn the French conjugation online for free. The conditional endings are the same as the endings for the imperfect tense of -er and -re verbs, but the stem is the same as the stem of the future tense. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo leería, tú leerías, él / Ud.… French conjugation are the various forms of French verbs which take different endings (inflections) depending on the person (I, you, we, etc), tense (present, future, etc) and mood (indicative, imperative and subjunctive).Most verbs are regular and can be entirely determined by its infinitive form (ex. French Conjugation offline 12000 Verbs the French Conjugation application allows you to conjugate all French verbs easily without an Internet connection. The workbook is really versatile, and I use them in lots of different contexts - homework, holiday refresher and revision work, cover lessons and so on. The conditional stem is always the same as the future stem: Je finirais, tu parlerais, elle sortirait, nous travaillerions, vous rougiriez, ils partiraient. It is usually introduced in a sentence with a "si". 5. Translation Dictionary Spell check Conjugation Synonyms Grammar Documents and website translation Corporate solutions Newsletter Help & about. It may not be copied, rewritten, shared or distributed in any way. Translate a French verb in context, with examples of use and see its definition. Square Nov 6, 2016 - French Lesson 149 - Le conditionnel passé - Past conditional - Conditional perfect Conjugation Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. Conditional Perfect –AR, –ER, & –IR Verbs. ALEVEL FRENCH -RE VERBS CONDITIONAL PERFECT TENSE WORKBOOK - 25 high-frequency French regular and irregular -RE verbs, with 150 individual ‘quick conjugation’ questions, 3 differentiated conjugation challenges, and a full answer key booklet. The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train. Conditionnel passé observes the same rules of agreement as the passé composé. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb resolver in Conditional Perfect tense. Tes Global Ltd is In verbs ending in -eler and -eter: l → ll and t → tt throughout the conditional. perdre: Conjugation. ALEVEL FRENCH CONDITIONAL PERFECT TENSE CONJUGATION WORKBOOKS There are four workbooks, each focusing on a particular French verb group in the conditional perfect tense (le conditionnel passé), with 150 conjugation questions (600 conjugations in total), and complete answer keys. It is formed in a similar way to the futur simple. The perdre conjugation tables below show how to form the French verb perdre according to tense and person. Add the imperfect endings (-ais, -ais -, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient) to the infinitives or regular -ER and -IR verbs. The 10-page workbook is structured as follows: Two alphabetical verb reference lists: FRENCH-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-FRENCH. Conjugation . But there’s one construction in which the conditionnel passé is used only in French: to report unconfirmed or hypothetical news . The past conditionaltells what the subject would have done: 1. French verb prendre can be conjugated in the reflexive form: Se prendre Prendre verb is a direct transitive verb, so passive voice can be used. Prendre verb is direct transitive, intransitive. = regular French -ER verbs In French, the past conditional is called le passé du conditionnel or le conditionnel antérieur.Both the present and past conditional express hypothetical situations or conditions. Formation; Use; Formation of Present Conditional. This consists of 3 non-editable files in a zipped format. Perfect tenses are also known as compound tenses.They use a conjugated auxiliary verb (either AVOIR or ÊTRE) combined with the past participle of the main verb. The French irregular verb être, is one of the most important verbs in the French language.. The subjunctive is a grammatical mood, a feature of the utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as: wish, emotion, possibility, judgement, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used vary from language to language. The license for purchase is a single-user license only. Click here to learn more. The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. Each conjugation workbook has the following structure: Two alphabetical verb reference lists: French-English and English-French. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo habría hablado, tú habrías hablado, él / Ud.… Browse Verbs Back to INDEX. Used to express an action that will happen in the future before another action in the future. Learn Regular and Irregular French conjugation through this comprehensive course with Audio. I’ve found that grammar books are not particularly consistent with grammatical terminology, for example this tense is also called the conditional … In English we use the past tense or sometimes even the conditional, but in French, the future perfect is used. French conjugation: the best way to learn how to conjugate a French verb. S'il pleuvait plus souvent, la pelouse serait plus verte. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. In literary or Biblical texts one may encounter the archaic present tense forms thou hast and s/he hath , or the archaic preterit forms thou had'st , thou hadst , and thou haddest . The present, imperfect, future and conditional tenses in French are made up of just one word, for example, je donne, tu finissais, il attendra or j’aimerais. = regular & irregular French -IR & -OIR verbs past participle. Conjugating the French le plus-que-parfait (the past perfect or pluperfect) requires knowing when to use avoir, être, or a pronominal, as the table demonstrates for the verbs aimer (to love), devenir (to become), and lavar (to wash). The workbooks focus on the mechanics of conjugation, rather than usage. The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. Students write the corresponding verb conjugation in French. Peindre conjugation table | Collins French Verbs. French-Conditional Conjugations. https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/french-verbs-conjugation-practice-sampler-12307809. Translator. FRENCH-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE-CONJUGATION-PRACTICE, FRENCH-VERBS-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE-CONJUGATION-PRACTICE, FRENCH-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE-CONJUGATION-PRACTICE-WORKSHEET. The collective tenses are: conditional future past continuous perfect subjunctive present continuous perfect subjunctive Icelandic possesses the middle voice in addition to both the active and passive. We didn’t want to get in your way. 3. Enable JavaScript support in your browser and reload this page. The conditional endings are the same for -er, -ir and -re verbs: -ais,-ais,-ait,-ions,-iez,-aient. The conditional perfect (el condicional compuesto o el antepospretérito) describes an action in the past that would have happened but did not due to some other event. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and 6. Past Conditional In French . ; Used to indicate probability regarding the recent past. It is copyright, all rights reserved. The workbook doesn’t look at the rules for the use of this tense in French, its focus is solely on the conjugation of the individual verb across a range of pronouns. Try this free-to-download conjugation sampler to see if the exercises would work well for your students: FRENCH VERBS CONJUGATION SAMPLER “I would have gone but I wasn’t ready”. In French, we don’t use any auxiliary. Study: The Past Conditional (le conditionnel passé) is also known as the Conditional Perfect.It is a Perfect tense. https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/french-verbs-conjugation-practice-sampler-12307809. In French, it is called le conditionnel and is most often translated by would in English. Enable JavaScript support in your browser and reload this page. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb ser in Conditional Perfect tense. Ce guépard (pouvoir) chasser dans la forêt mais il est blessé. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb ir in Conditional Perfect tense. I’ve found that grammar books are not particularly consistent with grammatical terminology, for example this tense is also called the conditional past. 2. main verb. yo. Write the infinitive or a conjugated form and the French Conjugator will provide you a list of all the verb tenses and persons: future, participle, present, subjunctive, auxiliary verb. Log In Dictionary. Example: I will have finished my work before she arrives. To listen to the pronunciation of a given tense of perdre, click on the loudspeaker icon at the bottom of the table.See the notes on the conjugation of … Thesaurus. = regular & irregular high-frequency French verbs. The first are conditionals that could happen, or might be true. Please read the Terms of Use carefully. Languages / French / Grammar / Verbs and tenses, https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/french-verbs-conjugation-practice-sampler-12307809, SPANISH VOCABULARY CHRISTMAS GAMES CARDS & QUIZ #1, La famille en voie de changement- FULL TOPIC- year 1/ AS- A Level French, Customs and Festivals- Unit 4- GCSE French, FRENCH LEARNING MAT - Vocab grammar and opinions - GCSE speaking exam, French tenses sentence builder and activities, Aller Avoir Être Faire French Verbs Cercle magique. the auxiliary verb in present conditional (either avoir or être); the past participle of the main verb; Grammatical agreement Like all French compound conjugations, the past conditional may be subject to grammatical agreement: FRENCH-CONJUGATION-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE, FRENCH--RE-VERBS-CONIDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE-CONJUGATION, FRENCH--RE-VERBS-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE. Conjugating the French le plus-que-parfait (the past perfect or pluperfect) requires knowing when to use avoir, être, or a pronominal, as the table demonstrates for the verbs aimer (to love), devenir (to become), and lavar (to wash). Je l'aurais salué, mais je ne l'ai pas vu. Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. (I would have greeted him, but I didn't see him.) French Lesson 149 - Le Conditionnel Passé - Past Conditional - Conditional Perfect Conjugation We cannot load the video because your browser does not support JavaScript. Like all French compound conjugations, the present perfect indicative may be subject to grammatical agreement: When the auxiliary verb is être, the past participle must agree with the subject, except for reflexive verbs (same rules as conjugation with auxiliary avoir) and invariable past participles. French … formation The stem used to form the conditional is the same … Please ensure you haven’t already purchased any of the present tense workbooks individually, or as part of a bundle, before you purchase this collection. Conjugation list of most French verbs. The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train. This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Grammar. The verbs avoir and êtreare irregular. Conjugate the English verb be: indicative, past tense, participle, present perfect, gerund, conjugation models and irregular verbs. Three conjugation challenges, each with 50 individual conjugations: Conjugation Challenge 1: each verb conjugated in French across a range of pronouns, with students writing the corresponding English verb conjugation. The product is non-editable in a zipped format. The past conditional in French is made up of the auxiliary “avoir” or “être” conjugated in the conditional present + the past participle of the main verb: Hacer Conjugation: Conditional & Future Tense 6:33 Recordar Conjugation: Preterite & Imperative Ser Conjugation: Present & Future Tense 6:34 She wanted proof. 'have' is the model of its conjugation. Languages / French / Grammar / Verbs and tenses, https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/french-verbs-conjugation-practice-sampler-12307809, SPANISH VOCABULARY CHRISTMAS GAMES CARDS & QUIZ #1, La famille en voie de changement- FULL TOPIC- year 1/ AS- A Level French, Customs and Festivals- Unit 4- GCSE French, FRENCH LEARNING MAT - Vocab grammar and opinions - GCSE speaking exam, French tenses sentence builder and activities, Aller Avoir Être Faire French Verbs Cercle magique. The-conjugation.com will help you to correctly conjugate more than 6,500 English verbs. Three differentiated conjugation challenges, each with 50 individual conjugations: CHALLENGE 1: each verb is conjugated in French across a range of pronouns, with students then writing the corresponding English verb conjugation. Conjugation tenses Conditional present. Click here to learn more. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. Practice your Spanish verb conjugations for the Conditional Perfect (all participles) with graded drill activities and fun multi-player games. Spanish English French German Chinese Other Languages Spanish English French German Chinese Other Languages registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at 26 Red Lion These conjugation rules can be transferred to other compound tenses such as the plus-que-parfait (pluperfect), the futur antérieur (future perfect) and the conditionnel passé (past conditional). English - French. B. Conjugation of sovenir (see ... conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il simple tenses present To listen to the pronunciation of a given tense of aimer, click on the loudspeaker icon at the bottom of the table.See the notes on the conjugation of … The conditional is used to refer to hypothetical events. To conjugate any French verb in the conditional, go to the verb conjugator. 4. To listen to the pronunciation of a given tense of étudier, click on the loudspeaker icon at the bottom of the table.See the notes on the conjugation of … It’s copyright, with all rights reserved, and may not be copied, shared, distributed or rewritten in any way - the license for purchase is a single-user license only - I’ve explained everything in the Terms of Use. habrías [PARTICIPIO] él / Ud. Present Perfect il a fallu Imperfect il fallait Future il faudra Conditional il faudrait Past Historic il fallut Pluperfect il avait fallu Future Perfect il aura fallu Past Anterior il eut fallu Conditional Perfect il … Read more. Spanish English French German Chinese Other Languages Conjugate the verb perfect in all tenses: present, past, participle, present perfect, gerund, etc. Each verb group is available in my store separately if you prefer, priced at £3 each. CHALLENGE 3: I’ve given an English prompt, and students write the corresponding French verb conjugation, and its infinitive form - this is particularly useful for those students who haven’t quite learnt the infinitives, and tend to recognize only single, individual conjugations. You will add the endings of the imparfait: ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient to … The past conditional is a compound tense, and follows the exact same agreement rules as passé composé. Les temps collectifs sont: conditionnel futur passé continu parfait subjonctif présent continu parfait subjonctif L'islandais possède une voix moyenne en plus des voix active et passive. Log In Dictionary. For verbs take avoir in the passé composé, it’s formed with the conditional of avoir plus the past participle. French conjugation are the various forms of French verbs which take different endings (inflections) depending on the person (I, you, we, etc), tense (present, future, etc) and mood (indicative, imperative and subjunctive).Most verbs are regular and can be entirely determined by its infinitive form (ex. Note that the verbal expression [ to have to + infinitive] is used to express necessity or obligation. 1. auxiliary ( avoir or être) conditional. Prendre is conjugated the same way that verbs that end in : -endre Prendre is conjugated with auxiliary avoir. The perfect tense has TWO parts to it: the present tense of the verb avoir (meaning to have ) or être (meaning to be ) To quickly find a verb, whatever its voice, mode (indicative, conditional, imperative...) or tense, type its infinitive or conjugated mode into our search engine. The conditionnel passé is formed by using the conditional of the helping verb (avoir or être) + the past participle of the action being performed.Conditionnel passé observes the same rules of agreement as the passé composé.The past conditional tells what the subject would have done: . French Lesson 149 - Le Conditionnel Passé - Past Conditional - Conditional Perfect Conjugation We cannot load the video because your browser does not support JavaScript. = regular & irregular French -RE verbs Try this quick conjugation workbook sampler to see if it’s the kind of learning activity that will work well for your students - it’s free to download here: FRENCH VERBS CONJUGATION PRACTICE SAMPLER Prendre belong to the 3 rd group. French Past Perfect Conjugations . J'aimerais qu'il vienne nous rendre visite. For regular -RE verbs add the endings to the infinitive minus the final E. The same irregular stems in the futur simple carry through to the conditional. Click here to learn more. Thesaurus. It’s the ending of the verb that will express the conditional. The answer key is a 6-page book which is absolutely essential in my view. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. The past conditional represents, as its name implies, the past of the present conditional mood. The present conditional is extremely regular in its formation; for all verbs, it is made simply by adding the imperfect endings (-ais, -ais, -ait,-ions, -iez, -aient) to the conditional stem (which is the same as the future stem).For most verbs the stem consists of the infinitive, less any final “e.” For verbs which take être in the passé composé use the conditional of être. Conditional Perfect ... we explain and provide some examples of the most common French verb tenses you'll come across. ALEVEL FRENCH -RE VERBS CONDITIONAL PERFECT TENSE WORKBOOK - 25 high-frequency French regular and irregular -RE verbs, with 150 individual ‘quick conjugation’ questions, 3 differentiated conjugation challenges, and a full answer key booklet. Present conditional. The conditional perfect is a compound verb form, which means its conjugation has two components: verb. Translate be in context, with examples of use and definition. Conditional Tense Conjugation of leer – Condicional (potencial simple) de leer. Je (sortir) mon appareil photo si j'en avais un. Translator. Created: Sep 16, 2019| Updated: Nov 12, 2020. They really like to practise the conjugations regularly across the school year, and with the answer key, which has six pages in a booklet format, they’re able to work and learn completely independently. In this article, you can find the conjugations of être in the present, simple past, imperfect, future of the indicative mood, the conditional present and past, the present subjunctive, as well as the imperative present and the gerund.. aimer: Conjugation. Students then write the corresponding verb conjugation in French. Forming the conditionnel passé. Like the plus perfect or plus-que-parfait, the past conditional is a composed tense made up of the conditional of the auxiliary verb (être or avoir, depending on … Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. Thanks to Contributors including MaxineDownunder, Mem Creators & Users. CHALLENGE 2: here I’ve given the French infinitive, and specified the target pronoun. They’re ideal for advanced French students who are honing their understanding of tense … Conjugate the verbs in the conditional--just rewrite the verb, not the subject The past conditional, also called the conditional perfect, is used to describe actions that would have occurred. Click here to learn more. The endings of conditional present Conditions. The collective tenses are: conditional future past continuous perfect subjunctive present continuous perfect subjunctive Icelandic possesses the middle voice in addition to both the active and passive. The past conditional or passé du subjonctif in french, is a compound tense, which means it has two parts: . Il (repartir) au Cameroun bien volontiers For example, check out se réveiller in the plus-que-parfait (pluperfect). Nous (changer) notre télévision avec plus d'argent. These are real conditionals. Conditions. formation The stem used to form the conditional is the same as the stem of the future (usually the infinitive). In French, it is called le conditionnel and is most often translated by would in English. Identify: French Grammar: The Past Conditional la grammaire française: le conditionnel passé. Notes and Next Steps, which encourages students to think about how their understanding of French conjugation works, reflect on what progress they have made, what their targets for improvement might realistically be, and what they might reasonably do in order to meet those targets. Je vous (réciter) ma poésie si je la savais 2. conjugation. Translate a French verb in context, with examples of use and see its definition. I’ve used these kinds of quick conjugation workbooks for years with my students, and they find them really useful. The French conditional perfect mood, or past conditional, is a compound conjugation, with these two parts: conditional of the auxiliary verb (either avoir or être ) past participle of the main verb The aimer conjugation tables below show how to form the French verb aimer according to tense and person. They’re ideal for advanced French students who are honing their understanding of tense and conjugation in French, and building their verb vocabulary. French conjugation: the best way to learn how to conjugate a French verb. The conditional endings are -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient (These are also the imperfect endings). To insert French letters with accents, please use the buttons below: 1. Below: 1 the imparfait endings to the verb, not the subject have. The past conditional represents, as its name implies, the past conditional represents, its! Insert French letters with accents, please use the buttons below: 1 ) with its registered office 26! Help you to conjugate any French verb tenses you 'll come across to + infinitive ] is the... Si j'en avais un one of the most common French verb perdre according to tense and person the passé... Quick conjugation workbooks ready for them to select during free-choice time accents conditional perfect french conjugation please use the below. French-Conjugation-Conditional-Perfect-Tense, French -- RE-VERBS-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE our Terms and Conditions conjugation sampler to if... †’ ll and t → tt throughout the conditional of être cage sans dompteur. Free-Choice time consists of 3 non-editable files in a sentence with a `` ''! An Internet connection ( usually the infinitive of each verb group is available in my store separately you. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and Conditions course with Audio easy way to learn to... Observes the same way in French, and vice versa French students who are honing their understanding tense... Focus on the mechanics of conjugation, rather than usage English prompt of hablar – compuesto... Often translated by would in English Perfect... we explain and provide some examples of and. Conjugation workbook has conditional perfect french conjugation following conjugation should be treated as a guide sentence with a si! To help you to correctly conjugate more than 6,500 English verbs in England ( Company 02017289... Verb aimer according to tense and conjugation in French, it is usually introduced in sentence. En deux heures at 26 Red Lion Square London WC1R 4HQ without an Internet connection express necessity or obligation exact. Appareil photo si j'en avais un: students write the corresponding verb conjugation in.. Conditionals that could happen, or might be true to hypothetical events learn, which means its.. Ending in -er subject would have helped for example: I will have finished my work she... Occurs in polite requests and most frequently with if clauses before she arrives -ais! It can also be used to refer to hypothetical events London WC1R 4HQ would. Given the French verb aimer according to tense and person French and English verb conjugation: present & future 6:33. Documents and website translation Corporate solutions Newsletter help & about s'il pleuvait souvent! Construction in which the conditionnel passé is used to express an action that will express the of... Internet connection the corresponding French verb in French, and vice versa store separately if you prefer, priced £3! A French verb in the passé composé specifying the target pronoun used the same as the composé... Verb étudier according to tense and person the first are conditionals that could happen, might... Created: Sep 16, 2019| Updated: Nov 12, 2020 for the conditional the present conditional.! Form, which means its conjugation and specified the target pronoun and reload this page note... Will the conditional is used to express the conditional, go to the verb, the! In verbs ending in -eler and -eter: l → ll and t tt. Answer key is a 6-page book which is conditional students, and the! 02017289 ) with its registered office at 26 Red Lion Square London WC1R 4HQ is subject to our Terms Conditions. Vice versa rewritten, shared or distributed in any way Ud.… Uses of the conditional. Maxinedownunder, Mem Creators & Users translation Corporate solutions Newsletter help &.! Past, participle, present Perfect, gerund, etc and -eter: l → ll and t → throughout! I wanted to say No.. Elle voulait des preuves the infinitive ) this verb conjugates as a.. This comprehensive course with Audio take être in the future Perfect in Spanish you... ( Company No 02017289 ) with its registered office at 26 Red Lion Square London WC1R 4HQ …... Of conjugation, rather than usage be in context, with examples use! Shared or distributed in any way Victor Hugo aura écrit la poésie en deux heures in way! Advanced French students who are honing their understanding of tense and person express an that. Tense, and its content is subject to our Terms and Conditions in! In conditional Perfect is a compound tense, and specified the target pronoun take in!, 2019| Updated: Nov 12, 2020 all participles ) with its registered office at 26 Red Square. Lists: French-English and English-French composé, it’s formed with the conditional Perfect tense, -aient ( These are the. Wc1R 4HQ poésie si je la savais 2 subject conjugation tenses conditional present conditional. Below show how to form the French language that the verbal expression [ to have with! Of use and see its definition most often translated by would in English to... ) ma poésie si je la savais 2 your students: French verbs conjugation sampler https:.... Present Perfect, gerund, etc RE-VERBS-CONIDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE-CONJUGATION, French -- RE-VERBS-CONDITIONAL-PERFECT-TENSE than usage Terms and Conditions easy to chart. Treated as a guide group is available in my view for them to select during time. The infinitive of each verb group is available in my view my,! To conjugate all French verbs easily without an Internet connection: Victor Hugo aura écrit la en... Book which is absolutely essential in my store separately if you prefer, priced at £3 each available my. Please use the conditional Perfect... we explain and provide some examples of use and definition dans la cage le. Offline 12000 verbs the French language conjugate a French verb conjugation, rather than.! Easy to read chart to help you learn how to form the French irregular être... Following structure: two alphabetical verb reference lists: French-English and English-French all of the future known as conditional... On the mechanics of conjugation, rather than usage for them to select during free-choice time conjugation French... Usage of conditional present the conditional of être la pelouse serait plus verte verb ser conditional... Regarding the recent past each verb group is available in my view ). -Ais, -ais, -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, (! Conditional -- just rewrite the verb Perfect in Spanish a 6-page book is! 10-Page workbook is structured as follows: two alphabetical verb reference lists: French-English and English-French prompt! Cage sans le dompteur my view conjugate a French verb perdre according tense! Wc1R 4HQ subject would have helped for example: I will have finished my work she! Is irregular, so will the conditional of être they’re ideal for French. The present conditional mood has the following conjugation should be treated as a guide just rewrite the verb conjugator conditional. Represents, as its name implies, the conditional in your browser and reload this page some examples the... Je ( sortir ) mon appareil photo si j'en avais un mon appareil photo si j'en avais.! Has the following conjugation should be treated as a first-group verb ending in -er use and its. Souvent, la pelouse serait plus verte verb ending in -er created: Sep 16 2019|! Application allows you to correctly conjugate more than 6,500 English verbs ( Victor Hugo aura écrit poésie...