2.1 Direct Current (Dc) Resistivity The Dc resistivity methods measure the electrical resistivity distribution of the subsurface using current transmitted into the ground from dc- or low-frequency sources, by two electrodes (C1 and C2), and measuring the potential difference between a second pair of electrodes (P1 and P2) (Fig. The resistively method is designed to give information about the electrical conductivity of the earth’s rocks. The CSAMT/MT method has been used to identify groundwater exploration targets Only the principles of these methods will be given here. Most of these Desai & Dr. Anirban Dhar,Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in work basically embodied the application of electrical resistivity method in prospecting for groundwater at Oba and its environs. Asian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1: 38-42. Underground Water Exploration Using Electrical Resistivity Method in Edo State, Nigeria. i. Each of these methods can be used for a wide range of applications. Efficacy of Geophysical Techniques for Groundwater Exploration in the Volta Basin, Northern Region of Ghana* 1A. The method allows a quantitative result to be obtained by using a controlled source of specific dimensions. Keywords: self -potential, 2 D resistivity, surface water, groundwater 1. Groundwater, through the various dissolved salts it contains, is ionically conductive and enables electric currents to flow into the ground. Geophysical methods have been used for many years to assist in hydrogeological exploration for ground water. Consequently, measuring the ground The Electrical Resistivity Method is a versatile, fast and cost effective technique for mapping intermediate electrical resistivity values, the third layer is made up of clay (aquiclude) with relatively low electrical resistivity values and the fourth layer consists of limestone with relatively high electrical resistivity values. Abstract: A new simple and quick geophysical method for groundwater exploration in the crystalline rocks of Tudun Wada Kano State, Nigeria has been developed. We shall mention below only the most commonly used geophysical methods for groundwater exploration. A potential groundwater zone was identified at resistivity values of <100 Ωm at depths >50 m. The high contrast of resistivity values indicated a fracture/fault for this area. Although several methods are available for the purpose, two methods viz., the electrical resistivity and seismic refraction methods have been successfully used for groundwater investigation. EXPLORATION OF GROUND WATER IN NIT VALLEY 2010 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA, ORISSA Page 10 Electrical resistivity method Principle • Groundwater contains various dissolved salts and is ironically conductive and enables electric currents to flow into the ground. It utilizes direct currents or low frequency alternating currents to investigate the electrical properties (resistivity) of the subsurface. A geophysical evaluation using Electrical Resistivity method for groundwater exploration at the study area was carried out which involved the utilization of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique occurrence of groundwater will greatly reduce the resistivity of all rocks and sedimentary materials through electrolytic conduction. These methods have been originally developed for petroleum and mineral exploration. Ground Water Hydrology by Dr. V.R. DOI: 10.3923/ajes.2008.38.42 Introduction topography and frac Geophysical methods are rapid, non-destructive, re- Thus, electrical methods are employed for those applications in which a knowledge of resistivity or the resistivity distribution will solve or shed light on the problem at hand. One commonly used method is the electrical resistivity method since, it is efficient and economical to determine groundwater. The application of surface resistivity method however, can provide useful method for Groundwater exploration requires appropriate and efficient techniques. Studies have showed that groundwater could be explored using electrical resistivity methods (Olorunfemi and Fasoyi, 1993; Olasehinde, 1999; Alile et al., 2008). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a popular geophysical subsurface-imaging technique and widely applied to mineral prospecting, hydrological exploration, environmental investigation and civil engineering, as well as archaeological mapping. The occurrence, movement and control of groundwater, particularly in hard-rock areas, are governed by different factors such as topography, lithology, structures like fractures, faults and nature of weathering. The integrated approach to solving complicated geological, hydrological and environmental problems is now widely used in geophysics. progress in applying electrical methods to ground-water exploration began during World War II. Electrical resistivity method is one of the most useful techniques in groundwater geophysical exploration, because the resistivity of rocks is sensitive to its ionic content (Alile, et al., 2011). This is due to the fact that the field operation is easy, the equipment is portable, less filled pressure is A new simple and quick geophysical method for groundwater exploration in the crystalline rocks of Tudun Wada Kano State, Nigeria has been developed. Because of this effect, groundwater is a good target for electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods that measure resistivity. Several attempts have been made by groups of individuals, communities, Government and even industries to site a good water project in Anambra state (Nfor et al ., 2007, Anakwuba et al., 2014). 2. Among all the geophysical methods, electrical and electromagnetic techniques are the most popular in groundwater exploration due to the close relationship between electrical conductivity and some hydrogeological properties of the aquifer (e.g. Classification of Electrical Methods. Geophysical methods Exploring the ground water by geophysical method is termed Ground water geophysics. 32. The electrical geophysical methods are used to determine the electrical resistivity of the earth's subsurface. Observations in almost all of these tests are recorded in the form of logs. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION Electrical resistivity methods of geophysical prospecting are well established and the most important method for groundwater investigations. Geophysical survey involving electrical resistivity methods has been carried out at Annunciation grammar school, Ikere- Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria with the view to delineate the geo-electric characteristics of the basement complex and evaluate its groundwater potential in the area. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Method measurement of rock resistivity from the surface to determine the subsurface rocked layer [1]. Electrical Resistivity. French, Russian,and German geophysicists are mainly responsible for the development of the theory and practice of di­ re¤t electrical prospecting methods. View Use of Electrical Resistivity Method for Ground Water Investigation Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. As for groundwater potentiality, the second layer … Definition and Units of Resistivity In resistivity method the current is driven through the ground using a pair of electrodes and the resulting distribution of the potential in the ground is mapped by using another pair of electrodes connected to a sensitive voltmeter. Electrical resistivity methods The resistivity method is used in the study of horizontal and vertical discontinuities in the electrical properties of the ground. The number of electrical methods used since the first application around 1830 (Parasnis 1962) is truly large; they include self-potential (SP), telluric currents and magnetotellurics, resistivity, equipotential and mise-à-la-masse, … EXPLORATION OF GROUND WATER USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD A Thesis submitted to the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela In partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of Technology (Civil Engineering) ASHVIN KUMAR MEENA Roll No. A geophysical evaluation using Electrical Resistivity method for groundwater exploration at the study area was carried out which involved the utilization of Vertical Electrical A total of 5 vertical electrical sounding stations were established within the site along 5 traverses. Among the various geophysical methods of groundwater investigation, the Electrical Resistivity Method has the widest adoption in groundwater exploration (Olorunfemi, 1999; Ariyo, 2007; and Afolayan et al., 2004). A number of different electrode configurations can be employed for electrical surveys, including: Vertical Electric Soundings (VES) for grounding studies (ASTM G57, IEEE-81); 2-D and 3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) 3a, b, c and d). that groundwater is about 0.61%, it is surprisingly, about 60 times as plentiful as fresh water in lakes and rivers on the surface (Plummer et al., 1999). 10601035 Under the guidance of PROF. J.K PANI PROF. A.K PRADHAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING The electrical resistivity method has some inherent limitations that affect the resolution and accuracy that may be expected from it. The electrical resistivity method is the most widely used and it has proved particularly effective in groundwater exploration because many geological formation properties such as porosity and permeability that are critical to hydrogeology can be correlated with electrical conductivity signatures (Eke and Igboekwe, 2011). 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